Too
many parents consider play as simply a means of diverting
and distracting their children. Playthings are often
seen as a means of keeping children happy, rewarding
them, keeping them out of mischief, and giving parents
free time.
Not
often enough do parents think of play and toys as
fundamental aspects of a child's education, as a means
through which children learn to understand the world
around them, and as the primary method by which children
acquire many basic skills.
Parents
can help make their children's play stimulating by
doing three things.
First,
they can adopt an attitude of conscious, deliberate
planning in which play is regarded as one of the most
important aspects of their children's environment.
Second,
they can see to it that their children are provided
with the kinds of toys and playthings that will help
develop the widest possible varieties of skills and
abilities.
Third,
they can assume a direct, participating role in their
children's play.
Planning
a child's play does not mean planning each activity
for every moment of the child's playtime. On the contrary,
children should have maximum independence in choosing
their own activities. And, within the limits of the
daily routine of the home, a child should also choose
the time for their activities, as well as the duration
of each. Good planning makes sure that play is as
varied and stimulating as possible.
A
child should play at different times, with friends,
with parents, and by theirself. This play should include,
within a period of about a month, all or most of the
following types of activities, each geared to the
age level of the child.
Here
are 5 of them:
#1.
Games
Games
are perhaps the most basic of all forms of play. From
peek-a-boo to chess, from pat-a-cake to baseball,
games occupy a central role in the lives of most children
from infancy to adolescence. Games may be physical
or mental. In general they involve the development
of skills, although some lead to the acquisition of
information.
#2.
Arts and Crafts
Arts
and crafts give children many opportunities to express
their desire to make things. Crayons, paints, clay,
construction paper, scissors and paste, wood, leather,
felt, and cardboard are among the materials that help
children develop their creative imaginative, and aesthetic
abilities. Arts and crafts also develop skills in
manipulation, perception, and analysis.
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#3.
Construction Play
Construction
play involves assembling objects from what are usually
prefabricated parts. It is less creative than arts
and crafts, but is also useful in developing many
skills. Putting together a set of railroad tracks
and trains is a form of construction play, as is play
with erector sets, Tinker toys, blocks and the like.
#4.
Projective Play
Projective
play is play in which a child adds dramatic and emotional
meaning to activities with representative toys—dolls,
trucks, soldiers, homemaking sets, and doctor kits.
Its great value lies in the role playing done by the
child rather than in the development of specific skills.
#5.
Hobbies
Hobbies
which cannot be otherwise classified will generally
fall under the heading of collecting activities. Collecting
stamps, coins, rocks and minerals, butterflies and
insects, sea shells, and leaves are all common and
popular hobbies. While some help in the development
of certain skills, their greatest value is in the
considerable knowledge a child can acquire in pursuing
them.
Most
play can be classified in one of these five groups,
and, ideally, play should include all of these types.
Also, as skills develop, the activities should move
to a higher, more mature level.
However,
a child does not automatically vary his play or develop
in it. This is where the parent's planning comes in
—- continually making the child aware of the broad
opportunities available to him in play; initiating
certain activities during playtime; making suggestions
when the child needs and wants them; buying toys that
will, in themselves, lead to new pursuits; stimulating
new interests and ideas in any of a variety of ways.
The parent should not manage the child's play, but
should try to nudge it in the right directions.
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